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To assess adherence to a dietary approach to stop hypertension (DASH) and associated factors among hypertensive patients on follow-up at public hospitals in Iluu Abbaa Boor Zone, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 study participants in public health hospitals in the Iluu Abbaa Boor Zone. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select participants.
Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Table, graphs and charts were used to present descriptive statistics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were run. Variables with p<0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression.
Finally, variables with p<0.05 at 95% CI were considered to be statistically significant.
The overall adherence to DASH was 37%. Male sex (adjusted OR (AOR)=5.8, 95% CI (2.9, 11.6), p<0.01), age >40 years (AOR=3.6, 95% CI (1.7, 7.5), p<0.01), marital status (married) (AOR=4.0, 95% CI (1.7, 9.5), p<0.001), employed individuals (AOR=4.0, 95% CI (1.3, 12.5), p<0.015) and rural residents (AOR=3.0, 95% CI (1.7, 8.2), p<0.001) were more likely to adhere to DASH than their counterparts.
Adherence to the DASH was very low among the study participants in the study area.
Health professionals must give due attention to promoting adherence to the DASH. Special attention should be given to young adults, females and urban residents, unmarried and unemployed individuals.
The unexpectedly increased burden of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) continues in China, and the differences between rural and urban areas remain unclear. We aimed to clarify the prevalence and risk factors in rural areas of China.
This cross-sectional study used the most densely populated area with highly unbalanced development differences in China (Guangdong Province) as a representative sample, and multistage stratified random sampling was performed. The participants’ demographic, socioeconomic and lifestyle data were collected. Fatty liver and liver stiffness were screened by FibroScan.
A total of 7287 individuals were enrolled (rural: 2684; urban: 4603). The overall MAFLD prevalence was 35.7%, and MAFLD was higher among rural individuals (38.0% vs 34.4%, p<0.001) than urban individuals. Rural individuals had more severe hepatic fibrosis (fibrosis stage 3–4) overall (3.0% vs 1.3%) and among different sexes (male: 4.2% vs 2.0%; female: 1.5% vs 0.5%) (all p<0.05) than urban individuals. For both rural and urban individuals, lifestyle and dietary habits, including midnight snacks, dining out, and overeating salt, red meat and sugar, were associated with an increased risk of MAFLD, and drinking tea and consuming dietary fibres were associated with a decreased risk of MAFLD. However, midnight snacks and overeating red meat were associated with a higher risk of hepatic fibrosis only in urban individuals.
There is a surprisingly high burden of MAFLD in rural Guangdong, China, which implicates a lack of awareness among rural individuals and a warrant the need for disease counteraction strategies.
ChiCTR2000033376.
This study examines dietary network in Northwest China, focusing on food group consumption and regional trends using network analysis.
Data from 106 424 participants in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study were calculated using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. We compared intake with the 2022 Chinese Dietary Guidelines and employed the EBICglasso method to construct dietary and staple food-related network, assessing its stability and accuracy.
Northwest China’s staple food intake was 37.5% of total consumption, dominated by wheat. Compared with the Chinese dietary guidelines, participants’ intake of staple foods, soybeans and nuts was within the acceptable range, with insufficient intake of whole grains and beans, animal source of foods, eggs, fruits and vegetables but excessive intake of salt. Intake varied by province, sex and age. In overall participants, the strongest correlations were found between the two food groups, namely fruits and vegetables (0.33), and animal source of foods and dairy products (0.24) in dietary network. Soybeans and nuts appeared to connect to more other foods and also higher correlation with other foods and were followed by animal source of food. The staple food-related food network indicated that the intake of rice, whole grains and beans, and potatoes was positively correlated with the intake of most other foods, while intake of wheat was negatively correlated with foods of animal source of food, milk and dairy products.
Northwest China’s diet exhibits irrational patterns, highlighting the importance of assessing overall dietary patterns in nutritional evaluation.
Sawsan Albalawi
